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to settle all causes

  • 1 SÖK

    (gen. sakar, pl. sakar or sakir), f.
    1) charge, the offence charged;
    sönn sök, a true charge;
    gera sakar á hendr sér, to incur charges;
    gera sakir við e-n, to do offence or harm to one;
    sannr at sök, proved (found) guilty;
    gefa e-m (upp) sakir, to remit a charge;
    gefa e-m sök (sakar) á e-u, gefa e-m e-t at sök, to make a charge against one;
    fœrast undan sökum, to plead not guilty;
    vera (bundinn) í sökum við e-n, to have done offence to one (konungr tók stór gjöld af bóndum þeim, er honum þóttu í sökum við sik);
    2) suit, action, in court;
    ek á sjálfr sök á því, that is my own affair;
    sækja e-n sökum, to prosecute one;
    svæfa allar sakar, to settle all causes;
    fara með sökina, to conduct the suit;
    segja fram sök sína, to declare ones suit;
    3) effect;
    hafa ekki at sök, to effect nothing;
    tók Þóroddr þá at vanda um kvámur hans, ok hafði ekki at sök, but to no effect;
    4) cause, reason (þótti konungi sakir til, þótt hann hefði eigi komit);
    fyrir hverja sök, for the sake of what, why?
    fyrir þá (þessa) sök, for that reason, therefore;
    af þeim sökum, from that cause (svá lauk þessu, at húsfreyja lézt af þeim sökum);
    fyrir e-s sakir or sökum, for the sake of, because of;
    fyrir ástar sakir, for love’s sake;
    with respect to (skyldi boðit verða sem vegligast, bæði fyrir tilfanga sakir ok fjölmennis);
    fyrir mínum sökum, for my sake, for my part;
    um sakar þínar, for thy sake;
    of time, um nokkurra nátta sakir, for a few nights;
    of (um) stundar sakir, for a while;
    um sinns sakir, for this once;
    um nætr sakir, for one night;
    sakir e-s, sökum e-s = fyrir sakir e-s, fyrir sökum e-s.
    * * *
    f., gen. sakar, dat. sök, and older saku, which occurs on Runic stones; pl. sakar, later sakir; a gen. sing. söku or saku (from saka, u, f.) remains in the compds söku-dólgr, söku-nautr: [Ulf. sakjo = μάχη; A. S. sacu; Engl. sake; Germ. sache; Dan. sag; Swed. sak.]
    A. A charge, then the offence charged, guilt, crime, like Lat. crimen; göra sakar á hendr sér, to incur charges, Ld. 44; sannr at sök, guilty, Nj. 87, Grág. i. 75; sök er sönn, a true charge, 294; sakar allar skulu liggja niðri meðal okkar, Grág. i. 362; svæfa sakar, Gm. 15; semr hann dóma ok sakar leggr, Vsp. 64; ef sakar görask þær skal fé bæta, Ísl. ii. 380; bæta sakir þær allar með fé er görzk höfðu í þeim málum, Eg. 98; nú er sagt hvaðan sakar görðusk, Hkv.; veiztú hverjar sakir ek á við konung þenna? … hann hefir drepit föður minn, Fas. ii. 532; þeim megin siglu er menn eigu síðr sakir við menn, Grág. ii. 137; gefa e-m upp sakir, to remit a charge, Ld. 44; or, gefa e-m sakir, id., Fms. x. 326; gefa e-m sök (sakar) á e-u, to make a charge against one, Landn. 145; gefa e-m e-t að sök, id., Fms. i. 37; bera sakar á e-n, to bring a charge against, Hkr. i. 168; eiga sakar við e-n, to have a charge against a person; færask undan sökum, to plead not guilty, Fms. xi. 251; verjask sök, id., Grág. i. 38; lúka sökum með sér, to settle the charges brought by one against the other, 361; líta á sakar úreiðr, Fms. i. 15; vera bundinn í sökum við e-n, to stand committed, Eg. 589, Fms. i. 61.
    2. the offence charged; falla í sök, to fall into crime, Sks. 575; fyrir sakir ( for wrongs committed) skyldi niðr falla þriðjungr gjalda, Fms. ix. 227; dauða verðr fyrir sökina, Sks. 575 B; fyrir-gef oss várar sakar ( our trespasses), Hom. 158; fyrir hví var hann píndr, eða hvat sök görði hann? Bs. i. 9.
    II. a law phrase, a plaint, suit, action in court; ef hann á sök at sækja, þá er …, Grág. i. 64; sakar-aðili, a plaintiff, Grág. passim; eiga sök í dómi, i. 74; sækjandi ok sakar verjandi, 17; á sá sök er …, he owns the case, i. e. is the right plaintiff, 38; fara með sök, to conduct a suit, 37, Nj. 86; færa fram sök, Grág. i. 83; segja fram sök, 39, 43, Nj. 36, 87, 110, 187; sök fyrnisk, is prescribed, Grág. i. 381; í salti liggr sök ef sækendr duga, see salt; göra tvær sakar ór vígi ok fram hlaupi, ii. 35; hafa sök at sækja, or, hafa sök at verja, i. 37, 76; hafa sök á hendi e-m, 75; hluta sakir, 74, 104; lýsa sakar, 19, Nj. 110; lýsa sök á hönd e-m, 18, 19, 110; selja e-m sök á hendr e-m, at þú mættir hvárki sækja þína sök né annarra, 99; sækja svá sök sína, Grág. i. 75; hafa sök at sækja, etc.; verja sök, 298; eiga sök á e-u, to have a suit against one, of the injured person; hvat hafðir þú til gört áðr?—þat er hann átti enga sök á, what hast thou done?—That for which he had no ground for complaint, i. e. which did not concern him, Nj. 130; eg á sjálfr sök á því, that is my own affair; dómar fara út til saka, the courts are sitting to hear the pleadings, 295; því at eins verðr sökin ( the action) við hann, ef …, 405; bjóða sök á þingi, N. G. L. i. 20; sökin Tyrfings, the case of T., Nj. 100, 101; þriggja þinga sök, a case lasting three sessions, Grág. i. 441, ii. 233; tólf aura, sex aura, merkr, þriggja marka sök, an action for three marks, N. G. L. i. 81, 82, Grág. i. 405, ii. 113; víg-sök, a case of manslaughter; fjörbaugs-sök, skóggangs-sök, a case, action of outlawry, passim; borgit málinu ok svá sökinni, the case and the suit, Nj. 36.
    2. spec., persecution; sök eða vörn, Grág. i. 17, (rare, see sókn); at sökum öllum ok svá at vörnum, 104.
    3. phrases; hafa ekki at sök, to no effect; hann kvað sér þó þungt, at nokkut mundi at sök hafa, Eb. 53 new Ed.; tók Þóroddr at vanda um kvámur hans, ok hafði ekki (not eigi) at sök, 50 new Ed.; ok hafði ekki vætta at sök, Fms. viii. 18; hann eggjar lið sitt ok hafði gott at sök, Flóv. 44.
    III. a ‘sake,’ cause; eru fleiri vinda sakir, are there more causes of the winds? Rb. 440; þótti konungi sakir til þótt hann hefði eigi komit, Fms. xi. 13; hann skal segja hvat at sökum er, what is the reason, cause? Grág. i. 310; sú var sök til þess, at …, Fms. i. 153; brýnar sakar, Al. 7; fyrir hverja sök, for the sake of what? wherefore? Fms. i. 81; af sök nökkurar óvináttu, for the sake of, because of, Hom. 20.
    2. adverbial phrases; fyrir sakar (sakir) e-s, for the sake of, because of; fyrir sakir orma, Al. 1; beztr kostr fyrir sakir frænda …, Glúm. 348; er þér þat sjálf-rátt fyrir sakir höfðing-skapar þíns, Nj. 266; fyrir tignar sakir várrar ok lands siðar, 6; fyrir styrks sakar ok megins, Eg. 107; fyrir úrækðar sakar, … fyrir veðrs sakar, K. Þ. K.; fyrir ástar sakir, Nj. 3: leaving out ‘fyrir,’ whereby sakar (acc.) becomes quite a preposition; sakir harma várra, Lv. 67; sakar refsingar ok ástar sakar við hina, Sks. 666 B; sakir þess at hann var ekki skáld, Fb. i. 215; sakir (þess) at hann var gamall, Fas. iii. 260: acc., fyrir þínar sakir, Nj. 140; fyrir várar sakir, Fms. vii. 190; um sakar e-s, id.; um konu sakar, Grág. ii. 62; of óra sök, Skv. 3. 49: temp., um nökkorra nátta sakir, for a few nights, Fms. i. 213; of stundar sakir, for a while, Nj. 139, Al. 99, Fms. xi. 107; um viku sakir, a week’s respite, Eg.; um hríðar sakar, a while, Mar., Al. 83; gefa mat um máls sakir, for one meal, Vm. 16; um sinn sakir, for this once, Ld. 184, 196, 310, Þórð. 36 new Ed.:—dat. plur. sökum, placed after a genitive, in which case even indeclinable fem. nouns for the sake of euphony assume a final s; af hennar sökum, for her sake, Ver. 44; af frændsemis sökum, Grág. ii. 72; af hræsnis sökum, Hom. 23; at sinn sakum, for this once, Sks. 483 B; fyrir þeim sökum, on that account, Grág. i. 48; fyrir veðrs sökum, K. Þ. K.; fyrir aldrs sökum, for old sake, Fms. xi. 50; fyrir veilendi sökum, Grág. i. 41; fyrir fáfræðis sökum ok úgá, Bs. i. 137; fyrir mínum sökum, for my sake, Þorst. St. 54; at hann mundi eigi mega vera einn konungr fyrir Áka sökum, Fms. xi. 46; sökum snjóvar, Lv. 25; fylgir þar enn sökum þess því goðorði alþingis-helgun, Landn. 336 (Append.), and passim.
    B. COMPDS: sakaraðili, sakaráberi, sakabætr, sakadólgr, sakareyrir, sakarferli, sakafullr, sakargipt, sakalauss, sakamaðr, sakarspell, sakarstaðr, sakartaka, sakartökuváttr, sakartökuvætti, sakarvandræði, sakarvörn.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SÖK

  • 2 raíz

    f.
    1 root, radicle.
    2 root, bottom, center.
    3 radical, stem, stem of the word, root.
    4 root, nth root.
    * * *
    1 root
    \
    a raíz de figurado as a result of
    arrancar de raíz to pull up by the roots, uproot 2 figurado to eradicate
    cortar algo de raíz (erradicar) to root out something 2 (abortar) to nip something in the bud
    de raíz entirely
    echar raíces (planta) to take root 2 (persona) to settle, put down roots
    raíz cuadrada square root
    raíz cúbica cube root
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [de planta] root

    de raíz —

    2) [de diente, pelo] root
    3) (Mat)
    4) (=origen) root

    la bebida fue la raíz de todos sus males — drink was the root cause o was at the root of all his troubles

    5)
    6) (Ling) root
    7) (Inform) root
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Bot) root

    de raíz: arrancar una planta de raíz to uproot a plant; arranca el vello de raíz it removes the hair at the roots; eliminaron de raíz el problema they eradicated the problem; echar raíces — planta to take root; persona to put down roots; costumbre/doctrina to take root

    b) (de diente, pelo) root
    2) (Ling) root
    3)
    a) (Mat) root

    raíz cuadrada/cúbica — square/cube root

    b) (Inf)
    4)
    a) ( origen) root
    b)
    * * *
    = root, root, root, stem, root element, root cause.
    Ex. There will be occasions when it is difficult to see any helpful principle; for example, in what order should we arrange grain crops, root crops, legumes, etc. in the crops facet in Agriculture?.
    Ex. However, many indexing systems have evolved over the last century, and have their roots in a time when detailed specification of subjects was unnecessary.
    Ex. The procedure begins by matching strings of characters in the title word with roots, or stems, of words stored in computer memory.
    Ex. Some subjects have one stem, for example, sterilizer, sterilizing, sterilized, sterilization.
    Ex. The structure of a hierarchical file can be represented as a tree with a single root element at the top, plus node elements at the ends of the branches that spread out from the top to the bottom.
    Ex. This article highlights the root causes of nativism against both immigrants and U.S. immigration policy arising from increasing legal and illegal immigration.
    ----
    * agrupar palabras que tienen la misma raíz = merge + word forms.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * cepillo de raíces = scrubbing brush.
    * cortar Algo de raíz = nip + Nombre + in the bud, nip + Nombre + in the bud.
    * echar raíces = settle down, root.
    * las raíces se remontan = roots + lie.
    * las raíces se remontan a = roots + lie.
    * olvidarse de las raíces de Uno = forget + Posesivo + roots.
    * raíz cuadrada = square root.
    * raíz del problema, la = root of the problem, the.
    * raíz de palabra = word stem.
    * raíz histórica = historical root.
    * reducción de una palabra a su raíz = stemming.
    * reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.
    * Tesauro Raíz = Root Thesaurus.
    * * *
    1)
    a) (Bot) root

    de raíz: arrancar una planta de raíz to uproot a plant; arranca el vello de raíz it removes the hair at the roots; eliminaron de raíz el problema they eradicated the problem; echar raíces — planta to take root; persona to put down roots; costumbre/doctrina to take root

    b) (de diente, pelo) root
    2) (Ling) root
    3)
    a) (Mat) root

    raíz cuadrada/cúbica — square/cube root

    b) (Inf)
    4)
    a) ( origen) root
    b)
    * * *
    = root, root, root, stem, root element, root cause.

    Ex: There will be occasions when it is difficult to see any helpful principle; for example, in what order should we arrange grain crops, root crops, legumes, etc. in the crops facet in Agriculture?.

    Ex: However, many indexing systems have evolved over the last century, and have their roots in a time when detailed specification of subjects was unnecessary.
    Ex: The procedure begins by matching strings of characters in the title word with roots, or stems, of words stored in computer memory.
    Ex: Some subjects have one stem, for example, sterilizer, sterilizing, sterilized, sterilization.
    Ex: The structure of a hierarchical file can be represented as a tree with a single root element at the top, plus node elements at the ends of the branches that spread out from the top to the bottom.
    Ex: This article highlights the root causes of nativism against both immigrants and U.S. immigration policy arising from increasing legal and illegal immigration.
    * agrupar palabras que tienen la misma raíz = merge + word forms.
    * a raíz de = in the wake of.
    * cepillo de raíces = scrubbing brush.
    * cortar Algo de raíz = nip + Nombre + in the bud, nip + Nombre + in the bud.
    * echar raíces = settle down, root.
    * las raíces se remontan = roots + lie.
    * las raíces se remontan a = roots + lie.
    * olvidarse de las raíces de Uno = forget + Posesivo + roots.
    * raíz cuadrada = square root.
    * raíz del problema, la = root of the problem, the.
    * raíz de palabra = word stem.
    * raíz histórica = historical root.
    * reducción de una palabra a su raíz = stemming.
    * reducir una palabra a su raíz = stem.
    * Tesauro Raíz = Root Thesaurus.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Bot) root
    de raíz: arrancar una planta de raíz to uproot a plant, to pull a plant up by the roots
    arranca el vello de raíz it removes the hair at the roots
    eliminaron de raíz el problema de la droga they eradicated the drug problem
    echar raíces «planta» to root, take root;
    «persona» to put down roots; «costumbre/doctrina» to take root, take hold
    una costumbre que no ha echado raíces aquí a custom which has not taken root o taken hold o caught on here
    2 (de un diente, pelo) root
    B ( Ling) root
    C
    1 ( Mat) root
    raíz cuadrada/cúbica square/cube root
    2 ( Inf):
    está en el directorio raíz it's in the root directory
    D
    1 (origen) root
    la raíz de todos los males de la sociedad the root of all society's ills
    este problema tiene raíces políticas the roots of this problem are political
    hay que atacar este mal en su raíz we have to attack the root causes of this evil, we have to attack this evil at its roots
    la tradición tiene sus raíces en los países nórdicos the tradition originated in the Nordic countries
    tiene sus raíces en la Alta Edad Media it has its roots in o it dates back to the Early Middle Ages
    esta secta tiene sus raíces en la India this sect originated in India
    2
    a raíz de as a result of
    a raíz de los acontecimientos del pasado martes as a result of o following last Tuesday's events
    * * *

     

    raíz sustantivo femenino ( en general) root;


    ‹ vello› to remove … at the roots;

    a raíz de as a result of;
    echar raíces [planta/costumbre/ideología] to take root;

    [ persona] to put down roots
    raíz sustantivo femenino root
    la raíz del problema, the heart of the matter
    Mat raíz cuadrada/cúbica, square/cube root
    ♦ Locuciones: a raíz de, as a result of, in the wake of
    de raíz, at the root of: cortaron el problema de raíz, they nipped the problem in the bud
    ' raíz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    arrancar
    - cúbica
    - cúbico
    - cuajo
    - lonja
    - profundo
    English:
    cube
    - nip
    - root
    - root out
    - root up
    - square
    - stem
    - tear up
    - free
    - result
    - strain
    - up
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [de planta] root;
    la solución tiene que ser de raíz the solution has to attack the heart of the problem;
    arrancar algo de raíz [planta] to root sth out completely;
    el gobierno cortó de raíz el levantamiento the government nipped the uprising in the bud;
    eliminaron de raíz el problema del terrorismo the problem of terrorism was stamped out;
    echar raíces [árbol, planta] to take root;
    [persona] to put down roots raíz tuberosa tuberous root
    2. [de pelo, muela] root
    3. [origen] origin;
    de raíces humildes of humble origins;
    la costumbre tiene su raíz en la España del siglo XV the custom has its roots o origin in 15th century Spain
    4. [causa] root;
    el dinero es la raíz de todos sus males money is at the root of all her problems
    5. Ling root
    6. Informát root
    7. Mat root
    raíz cuadrada square root;
    raíz cúbica cube root
    ♦ a raíz de loc prep
    as a result of, following;
    * * *
    f
    1 root;
    echar raíces de persona put down roots; de costumbre take root;
    arrancar de raíz pull up by the root;
    cortar algo de raíz fig nip sth in the bud;
    a raíz de as a result of
    2 MAT
    :
    raíz cuadrada/cúbica square/cube root
    * * *
    raíz nf, pl raíces
    1) : root
    2) : origin, source
    3)
    a raíz de : following, as a result of
    4)
    echar raíces : to take root
    * * *
    raíz n root

    Spanish-English dictionary > raíz

  • 3 Angelegenheit

    f matter, concern, affair; in einer dienstlichen Angelegenheit on official business; eine Angelegenheit in Ordnung bringen settle ( oder sort out) a matter; sich in jemandes Angelegenheiten ( ein) mischen meddle in ( oder with) s.o. else’s business; das ist seine Angelegenheit that’s his problem; kümmere dich um deine eigenen Angelegenheiten! mind your own business; das ist doch keine ( große) Angelegenheit! that’s no trouble at all!
    * * *
    die Angelegenheit
    concern; business; affair; matter
    * * *
    An|ge|le|gen|heit ['angə-]
    f
    matter; (politisch, persönlich) affair; (= Aufgabe) concern

    das ist meine/nicht meine Angelegenheit — that's my/not my concern or business

    in eigener Angelegenheit — on a private or personal matter

    * * *
    die
    1) (a thing: The new machine is a weird-looking affair.) affair
    2) ((often in plural) business; concern(s): financial affairs; Where I go is entirely my own affair.) affair
    3) (an aim or concern for which an individual or group works: cancer research and other deserving causes; in the cause of peace.) cause
    4) (concern: Make it your business to help him; Let's get down to business (= Let's start the work etc that must be done).) business
    5) (something that concerns or belongs to one: His problems are not my concern.) concern
    6) (concern, responsibility: If he catches you leaving early, that's your lookout!) lookout
    7) (a subject or topic (of discussion etc): a private matter; money matters.) matter
    8) (a piece of business; a little task: The children were off on some ploy of their own.) ploy
    * * *
    An·ge·le·gen·heit
    <-, -en>
    f meist sing matter
    in welcher \Angelegenheit wollten Sie ihn sprechen? in what connection [or on what business] did you want to speak to him?
    sich um seine eigenen \Angelegenheiten kümmern to mind one's own business
    in eigener \Angelegenheit on a private [or personal] matter
    jds \Angelegenheit sein to be sb's responsibility
    * * *
    die matter; (Aufgabe, Problem) affair; concern

    öffentliche/kulturelle Angelegenheiten — public/cultural affairs

    das ist meine/nicht meine Angelegenheit — that is my affair or business/not my concern or business

    * * *
    Angelegenheit f matter, concern, affair;
    eine Angelegenheit in Ordnung bringen settle ( oder sort out) a matter;
    sich in jemandes Angelegenheiten (ein)mischen meddle in ( oder with) sb else’s business;
    das ist seine Angelegenheit that’s his problem;
    kümmere dich um deine eigenen Angelegenheiten! mind your own business;
    das ist doch keine (große) Angelegenheit! that’s no trouble at all!
    * * *
    die matter; (Aufgabe, Problem) affair; concern

    öffentliche/kulturelle Angelegenheiten — public/cultural affairs

    das ist meine/nicht meine Angelegenheit — that is my affair or business/not my concern or business

    * * *
    f.
    affair n.
    business n.
    case n.
    concern n.
    matter n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Angelegenheit

  • 4 centrar

    v.
    1 to center (gen) & (sport).
    Ella centró su atención en la luz She centered her attention on the light.
    Elsa centró el cuadrado en el dibujo Elsa centered the square in the picture
    2 to steady, to make stable (person).
    3 to be the center of.
    centraba todas las miradas all eyes were on her
    * * *
    1 (gen) to centre (US center)
    2 figurado (atención etc) to centre (US center), focus
    3 figurado (basar) to centre (US center) around, base on
    1 DEPORTE to centre (US center)
    1 to centre (US center) (en, on), focus (en, on)
    2 (concentrarse) to concentrate (en, on)
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=colocar) [+ imagen, texto] to centre, center (EEUU)
    2) (=concentrar) [+ investigación] to focus, centre, center (EEUU); [+ esfuerzos] to concentrate; [+ atención] to focus

    la policía centró las investigaciones en torno a dos jóvenes delincuentes — the police investigation focused o centred on two young criminals, the police focused o centred their investigation on two young criminals

    2.
    VI (Dep) to centre, center (EEUU)
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < imagen> to center*
    b) (Dep) to center*
    c) <atención/investigación>

    centraron las conversaciones en el tema de... — in their talks they focused on the issue of...

    2.
    centrar vi (Dep) to center*, cross
    3.
    centrarse v pron

    centrarse en algo — investigación/atención to focus o center* on something

    * * *
    = centre [center, -USA].
    Ex. In 1956, research from the United States confirmed this: 'Reference in the small library is evidently centred in the circulation department'.
    ----
    * centrándose en = with a focus on.
    * centrar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * centrar la atención en = train + spotlight on, put + spotlight on, spotlight + fall on, spotlight + focus on.
    * centrarse = focus.
    * centrarse en = centre around/on/upon, concentrate on/upon, focus on/upon, target, zero in on, revolve around, home in on, pull off on.
    * centrarse sobre = focus on/upon, target.
    * centrar una discusión = focus + discussion.
    * debate + centrarse sobre = debate + centre around/on/upon.
    * interés + centrarse en = interest + lie with.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    a) < imagen> to center*
    b) (Dep) to center*
    c) <atención/investigación>

    centraron las conversaciones en el tema de... — in their talks they focused on the issue of...

    2.
    centrar vi (Dep) to center*, cross
    3.
    centrarse v pron

    centrarse en algo — investigación/atención to focus o center* on something

    * * *
    = centre [center, -USA].

    Ex: In 1956, research from the United States confirmed this: 'Reference in the small library is evidently centred in the circulation department'.

    * centrándose en = with a focus on.
    * centrar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * centrar la atención en = train + spotlight on, put + spotlight on, spotlight + fall on, spotlight + focus on.
    * centrarse = focus.
    * centrarse en = centre around/on/upon, concentrate on/upon, focus on/upon, target, zero in on, revolve around, home in on, pull off on.
    * centrarse sobre = focus on/upon, target.
    * centrar una discusión = focus + discussion.
    * debate + centrarse sobre = debate + centre around/on/upon.
    * interés + centrarse en = interest + lie with.

    * * *
    centrar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹imagen› to center*
    2 ( Dep) to center*
    3 ‹atención/interés/investigación› centrar algo EN algo to focus sth ON sth
    centré mi atención en … I focused my attention on …
    centró su intervención en el valor histórico del debate she focused her speech on the historical significance of the debate
    centraron las conversaciones en el tema de … in their talks they focused o concentrated o centered on the issue of …
    había centrado toda su existencia en sus hijos she had centered her whole life around her children
    ■ centrar
    vi
    to center*, cross
    centrarse EN algo «investigación/atención/interés» to focus o center* ON sth
    la acción se centra en la relación entre estos dos personajes the action centers on o revolves around the relationship between these two characters
    todas las miradas estaban centradas en ellos all eyes were focused on them
    hay que centrarse más en este tema we must focus in greater detail on o concentrate more on this subject
    * * *

     

    centrar ( conjugate centrar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹ imagen› to center( conjugate center)

    b) (Dep) to center( conjugate center)

    c) ‹atención/investigación/esfuerzos› centrar algo en algo to focus sth on sth

    verbo intransitivo (Dep) to center( conjugate center), cross
    centrarse verbo pronominal centrarse en algo [investigación/atención/esfuerzos] to focus o center( conjugate center) on sth
    centrar verbo transitivo
    1 to centre, US center
    2 (los esfuerzos, la atención) to concentrate, centre, US center
    ' centrar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    centre
    - focus
    - center
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [colocar en el centro] to centre
    2. [persona] to steady, to make stable;
    el nuevo trabajo lo ha centrado mucho the new job has really helped him settle down
    3. [interés, atención]
    la reunión de los dos presidentes centró la atención de todo el mundo the meeting between the two presidents caught the attention of the whole world;
    centró su intervención en las causas del calentamiento global her remarks focused on the causes of global warming;
    una medida económica centrada en reducir el desempleo an economic measure aimed at reducing unemployment;
    centraba todas las miradas all eyes were on her
    4. Dep to centre, to cross
    ♦ vi
    Dep to centre, to cross
    * * *
    v/t
    1 center, Br
    centre; DEP tb
    cross
    2 esfuerzos focus (en on);
    centrar la atención focus, center, Br centre (en on)
    * * *
    1) : to center
    2) : to focus

    Spanish-English dictionary > centrar

  • 5 Psychology

       We come therefore now to that knowledge whereunto the ancient oracle directeth us, which is the knowledge of ourselves; which deserveth the more accurate handling, by how much it toucheth us more nearly. This knowledge, as it is the end and term of natural philosophy in the intention of man, so notwithstanding it is but a portion of natural philosophy in the continent of nature.... [W]e proceed to human philosophy or Humanity, which hath two parts: the one considereth man segregate, or distributively; the other congregate, or in society. So as Human philosophy is either Simple and Particular, or Conjugate and Civil. Humanity Particular consisteth of the same parts whereof man consisteth; that is, of knowledges which respect the Body, and of knowledges that respect the Mind... how the one discloseth the other and how the one worketh upon the other... [:] the one is honored with the inquiry of Aristotle, and the other of Hippocrates. (Bacon, 1878, pp. 236-237)
       The claims of Psychology to rank as a distinct science are... not smaller but greater than those of any other science. If its phenomena are contemplated objectively, merely as nervo-muscular adjustments by which the higher organisms from moment to moment adapt their actions to environing co-existences and sequences, its degree of specialty, even then, entitles it to a separate place. The moment the element of feeling, or consciousness, is used to interpret nervo-muscular adjustments as thus exhibited in the living beings around, objective Psychology acquires an additional, and quite exceptional, distinction. (Spencer, 1896, p. 141)
       Kant once declared that psychology was incapable of ever raising itself to the rank of an exact natural science. The reasons that he gives... have often been repeated in later times. In the first place, Kant says, psychology cannot become an exact science because mathematics is inapplicable to the phenomena of the internal sense; the pure internal perception, in which mental phenomena must be constructed,-time,-has but one dimension. In the second place, however, it cannot even become an experimental science, because in it the manifold of internal observation cannot be arbitrarily varied,-still less, another thinking subject be submitted to one's experiments, comformably to the end in view; moreover, the very fact of observation means alteration of the observed object. (Wundt, 1904, p. 6)
       It is [Gustav] Fechner's service to have found and followed the true way; to have shown us how a "mathematical psychology" may, within certain limits, be realized in practice.... He was the first to show how Herbart's idea of an "exact psychology" might be turned to practical account. (Wundt, 1904, pp. 6-7)
       "Mind," "intellect," "reason," "understanding," etc. are concepts... that existed before the advent of any scientific psychology. The fact that the naive consciousness always and everywhere points to internal experience as a special source of knowledge, may, therefore, be accepted for the moment as sufficient testimony to the rights of psychology as science.... "Mind," will accordingly be the subject, to which we attribute all the separate facts of internal observation as predicates. The subject itself is determined p. 17) wholly and exclusively by its predicates. (Wundt, 1904,
       The study of animal psychology may be approached from two different points of view. We may set out from the notion of a kind of comparative physiology of mind, a universal history of the development of mental life in the organic world. Or we may make human psychology the principal object of investigation. Then, the expressions of mental life in animals will be taken into account only so far as they throw light upon the evolution of consciousness in man.... Human psychology... may confine itself altogether to man, and generally has done so to far too great an extent. There are plenty of psychological text-books from which you would hardly gather that there was any other conscious life than the human. (Wundt, 1907, pp. 340-341)
       The Behaviorist began his own formulation of the problem of psychology by sweeping aside all medieval conceptions. He dropped from his scientific vocabulary all subjective terms such as sensation, perception, image, desire, purpose, and even thinking and emotion as they were subjectively defined. (Watson, 1930, pp. 5-6)
       According to the medieval classification of the sciences, psychology is merely a chapter of special physics, although the most important chapter; for man is a microcosm; he is the central figure of the universe. (deWulf, 1956, p. 125)
       At the beginning of this century the prevailing thesis in psychology was Associationism.... Behavior proceeded by the stream of associations: each association produced its successors, and acquired new attachments with the sensations arriving from the environment.
       In the first decade of the century a reaction developed to this doctrine through the work of the Wurzburg school. Rejecting the notion of a completely self-determining stream of associations, it introduced the task ( Aufgabe) as a necessary factor in describing the process of thinking. The task gave direction to thought. A noteworthy innovation of the Wurzburg school was the use of systematic introspection to shed light on the thinking process and the contents of consciousness. The result was a blend of mechanics and phenomenalism, which gave rise in turn to two divergent antitheses, Behaviorism and the Gestalt movement. The behavioristic reaction insisted that introspection was a highly unstable, subjective procedure.... Behaviorism reformulated the task of psychology as one of explaining the response of organisms as a function of the stimuli impinging upon them and measuring both objectively. However, Behaviorism accepted, and indeed reinforced, the mechanistic assumption that the connections between stimulus and response were formed and maintained as simple, determinate functions of the environment.
       The Gestalt reaction took an opposite turn. It rejected the mechanistic nature of the associationist doctrine but maintained the value of phenomenal observation. In many ways it continued the Wurzburg school's insistence that thinking was more than association-thinking has direction given to it by the task or by the set of the subject. Gestalt psychology elaborated this doctrine in genuinely new ways in terms of holistic principles of organization.
       Today psychology lives in a state of relatively stable tension between the poles of Behaviorism and Gestalt psychology.... (Newell & Simon, 1963, pp. 279-280)
       As I examine the fate of our oppositions, looking at those already in existence as guide to how they fare and shape the course of science, it seems to me that clarity is never achieved. Matters simply become muddier and muddier as we go down through time. Thus, far from providing the rungs of a ladder by which psychology gradually climbs to clarity, this form of conceptual structure leads rather to an ever increasing pile of issues, which we weary of or become diverted from, but never really settle. (Newell, 1973b, pp. 288-289)
       The subject matter of psychology is as old as reflection. Its broad practical aims are as dated as human societies. Human beings, in any period, have not been indifferent to the validity of their knowledge, unconcerned with the causes of their behavior or that of their prey and predators. Our distant ancestors, no less than we, wrestled with the problems of social organization, child rearing, competition, authority, individual differences, personal safety. Solving these problems required insights-no matter how untutored-into the psychological dimensions of life. Thus, if we are to follow the convention of treating psychology as a young discipline, we must have in mind something other than its subject matter. We must mean that it is young in the sense that physics was young at the time of Archimedes or in the sense that geometry was "founded" by Euclid and "fathered" by Thales. Sailing vessels were launched long before Archimedes discovered the laws of bouyancy [ sic], and pillars of identical circumference were constructed before anyone knew that C IID. We do not consider the ship builders and stone cutters of antiquity physicists and geometers. Nor were the ancient cave dwellers psychologists merely because they rewarded the good conduct of their children. The archives of folk wisdom contain a remarkable collection of achievements, but craft-no matter how perfected-is not science, nor is a litany of successful accidents a discipline. If psychology is young, it is young as a scientific discipline but it is far from clear that psychology has attained this status. (Robinson, 1986, p. 12)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Psychology

  • 6 liggen

    1 [uitgestrekt zijn] lie
    2 [in bed vertoeven] lie ⇒ be laid up 〈 ziek〉
    3 [zich bevinden] lie, be
    4 [met betrekking tot zaken] [rusten] lie
    5 [+ aan] [afhangen van] depend (on) ⇒ be caused by 〈 veroorzaakt〉, be due to 〈 veroorzaakt〉
    6 [passen bij een aanleg/belangstelling] suit
    7 [met betrekking tot storm/wind] die down
    8 [bezig zijn] be (lying)
    9 [gelegerd zijn] be stationed
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   er lag een halve meter sneeuw • there was half a metre of snow
         de sneeuw bleef niet liggen • the snow did not settle
         lekker tegen iemand aan gaan liggen • snuggle up to someone
         dure vloerbedekking hebben liggen • have expensive carpets (on the floor)
         〈 op grafstenen〉 hier ligt … • here lies …
         lig je lekker/goed? • are you comfortable?
         hij ligt in/op bed • he's (lying) in bed
         over elkaar liggen • overlap
    2   ik blijf morgen liggen tot half tien • I'm going to stay in bed till 9.030 tomorrow
         ga liggen! 〈 tegen een hond〉 • lie down!
         gaan liggen • lie down; 〈 door ziekte〉 take to one's bed
         op zijn zij gaan liggen • lie (down) on one's side; 〈 omdraaien〉 roll over on to one's side
         op sterven liggen • lie/be dying
    3   daar ligt onze kans • that's where our chance lies
         de toestand ligt hier anders • the situation is (quite) different here
         de zaken liggen nu heel anders • things have changed a lot (since then)
         het feit ligt er • the fact remains
         het plan, zoals het er ligt, is onaanvaardbaar • as it stands, the plan is unacceptable
         hoe liggen onze kansen? • what are the odds?
         de prijzen liggen vrij hoog • the prices are rather high
         uw bestelling ligt klaar • your order is ready (for dispatch/collection)
         onze winsten liggen lager dan die van vorig jaar • our profits are less than last year's
         die dagen liggen ver achter ons • those days are long past
         de zaken liggen zo: … • it's like this: …
         zo liggen de zaken nu eenmaal • I'm afraid that's the way things are
         Antwerpen ligt aan de Schelde • Antwerp lies/is (situated) on the Scheldt
         de vakantie ligt weer achter ons • the holidays are behind us now
         de schuld ligt bij mij • the fault is mine
         de beslissing ligt bij ons • the decision is ours
         de macht ligt bij het volk • power is vested with the people
         met iemand in proces liggen • litigate with someone
         onder het gemiddelde liggen • be below average
         de bal ligt op de grond • the ball is on the ground
         op het zuiden liggen • face (the) south
         ze liggen voor het grijpen • they're all over the place
         voor mij ligt uw brief • I have before me your letter
         er lagen moeilijke jaren voor ons • there were hard years ahead (of us)
    4   dat werk is voor ons blijven liggen • that work has been left for us
         ik heb (nog) een paar flessen wijn liggen • I have a few bottles of wine (left)
         het geld hebben liggen • have the money available
         〈 figuurlijk〉 laat het dorp rechts van u liggen • pass the village on your right
         ik heb dat boek laten liggen • I left that book (behind)
    5   dat ligt eraan • it depends
         ik denk dat het aan je versterker ligt • I think that it's your amplifier that's causing the trouble
         dat lag aan verscheidene oorzaken • that was due to various causes
         aan mij zal het niet liggen • it won't be my fault
         is het nu zo koud of ligt het aan mij? • is it really so cold, or is it just me?
         er is mij niets aan gelegen • it doesn't matter to me
         het ligt aan die rotfiets van me • it's that bloody bike of mine
         als het aan mij ligt zal hij daar niet blijven • he won't stay there if I can help it
         als het aan mij ligt niet • not if I can help it
         waar zou dat aan liggen? • what could be the cause of this?
         het lag misschien ook een beetje aan mij • I may have had something to do with it
         het kan aan mij liggen, maar … • it may be just me, but …
         als het aan mij lag/ligt • if it was/is up to me
    6   ze liggen elkaar niet zo erg • they don't get on (with each other)
         dat genre ligt mij niet • that genre doesn't appeal to me
         dit klimaat ligt mij niet • this climate disagrees with me
         die jongen ligt mij helemaal niet • I can't get on with that guy
    7   de wind ging liggen • the wind died down
    8   lig niet zo te klieren • stop pestering (me 〈enz.〉)
         hij ligt te slapen • he's asleep
         liggen te zeuren • be whining/bellyaching
    ¶   dubbel liggen (van het lachen) • double up with laughter
         die zaak ligt nogal gevoelig • the matter is a bit delicate
         zich nergens iets aan gelegen laten liggen • not give a hoot for anything
         dat ligt heel anders • that's a different story altogether
         als ze dat merken lig ik eruit • if they catch on, I'm out
         deze auto ligt goed in de bocht • this car takes corners well
         dit bed ligt lekker/hard • this bed is comfortable/(too) hard
         ver uiteen liggen • be poles apart
         deze auto ligt vast op de weg • this car holds the road well

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > liggen

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